nginx 使用 SSL证书配置 HTTPS
生成 D-H 密钥文件
这一步有可能会消耗很长时间，直到出现第二个 * 才会结束：
sudo openssl dhparam 2048 -out /etc/nginx/dhparam.pem
添加 nginx 配置
SSL 通用配置
检查 nginx 版本：
nginx version: nginx/1.16.1
检查 OpenSSL 版本：
OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017
创建 SSL 通用配置文件：
sudo vim /etc/nginx/conf/ssl.intermediate.conf
可选择插入适合现代浏览器的配置：
### ssl.intermediate.conf
### Needs nginx 1.16.1, OpenSSL 1.0.1
### Supports Firefox 27, Android 4.4.2, Chrome 31, Edge, IE 11 on Windows 7, Java 8u31, OpenSSL 1.0.1, Opera 20, and Safar 9
# sessions
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; # about 40000 sessions
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
ssl_session_tickets off;
# Diffie-Hellman parameter for DHE ciphersuites, recommended 2048 bits
ssl_dhparam /etc/nginx/dhparam.pem;
# intermediate configuration
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;
# HSTS (ngx_http_headers_module is required)
add_header Strict-Transport-Security 'max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload' always;
或者兼容性更好（会降低安全性）的配置：
### ssl.old.conf
### Needs nginx 1.16.1, OpenSSL 1.0.1
### Supports Firefox 1, Android 2.3, Chrome 1, Edge 12, IE8 on Windows XP, Java 6, OpenSSL 0.9.8, Opera 5, and Safari 1
# sessions
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; # about 40000 sessions
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
ssl_session_tickets off;
# Diffie-Hellman parameter for DHE ciphersuites, recommended 2048 bits
ssl_dhparam /etc/nginx/dhparam.pem;
# old configuration
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# HSTS (ngx_http_headers_module is required)
add_header Strict-Transport-Security 'max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload' always;
保存退出。
主机独立配置
在 /etc/nginx/conf.d/ 目录下创建具体主机配置文件：
sudo vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/avincheng.com.conf
插入配置：
# avincheng.com
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
server_name avincheng.com;
root /home/wwwroot/avincheng.com;
index index.html;
# ssl common configuration
include /etc/nginx/conf/ssl.intermediate.conf;
# ssl certs
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/certs/fullchain.cer;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/certs/avincheng.com.key;
# OCSP stapling
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/nginx/certs/ca.cer;
resolver 127.0.0.1 valid=300s;
resolver_timeout 10s;
}
# redirect http to https
server {
listen 80;
server_name avincheng.com;
return 301 https://$http_host$request_uri;
}
Tips:
ssl_certificate 填写证书的 “.cer / .crt / .der / .pem” 文件路径。
ssl_certificate_key 填写证书私钥的 “.key / .pem” 文件路径。
ssl_trusted_certificate 填写 CA 证书路径，如果没有则去掉 “OCSP stapling” 相关配置项。
强制重启 nginx：
sudo systemctl --force restart nginx
FirewallD 配置
查看 FirewallD 当前默认区域永久配置：
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --list-all
public target: default icmp-block-inversion: no interfaces: sources: services: http ssh ports: protocols: masquerade: no forward-ports: source-ports: icmp-blocks: rich rules:
可见 services 中没有启用 https 服务，ports 中没有添加 443/tcp 端口。
永久启用 https 服务（443/tcp）：
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
查看下次重启（防火墙重新加载、服务器重启或者系统重启）之后永久生效的服务：
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --list-service
http https ssh
重载防火墙规则：
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
TIps:
阿里云 ECS 需要在控制台的安全组策略中添加入方向的 https 443/tcp 端口。
阿里云轻量应用服务器需要在控制台的防火墙中添加 https 443/tcp 端口。
SSL 安全检测
输入域名，正常情况下检测结果应为 A+ 。
参考文献