CSS 三栏自适应布局
布局方案对比
布局名称 | 兼容性 | 清除浮动 | 渲染顺序 |
圣杯布局 | IE6 | 需要 | 中间栏最先 |
双飞翼布局 | IE6 | 需要 | 中间栏最先 |
混合浮动布局 | IE6 | 需要 | 中间栏最后 |
弹性布局 | IE11 | 不需要 | 可自定义顺序 |
Tips: 以上布局方案均为解决 “中间栏宽度自适应，两边栏定宽，三栏均可撑起父容器高度” 的布局问题，可推广至两栏自适应布局。
布局方案明细
圣杯布局
HTML:
<header class="header">Header</header>
<main class="clearfix main">
<article class="middle">Middle</article>
<aside class="left">Left</aside>
<aside class="right">Right</aside>
</main>
<footer class="footer">Footer</footer>CSS:
body {
margin: 0;
}
.clearfix::after {
content: "";
display: block;
visibility: hidden;
height: 0;
line-height: 0;
clear: both;
}
.header,
.main,
.footer {
background-color: grey;
}
.left {
min-height: 100px;
background-color: yellow;
opacity: .6;
}
.middle {
min-height: 100px;
background-color: green;
opacity: .6;
}
.right {
min-height: 100px;
background-color: blue;
opacity: .6;
}
/**
* Layout
*/
.main {
padding-right: 150px; /* 等于右栏宽度 */
padding-left: 200px; /* 等于左栏宽度 */
}
.middle {
float: left;
width: 100%;
}
.left {
float: left;
position: relative;
left: -200px; /* 等于自身宽度 */
margin-left: -100%;
width: 200px;
}
.right {
float: left;
margin-right: -150px; /* 等于自身宽度 */
width: 150px;
}调整三栏间距：
/* 三栏间距 20px */
.main {
padding-right: 170px; /* 等于右栏宽度加间距 */
padding-left: 220px; /* 等于左栏宽度加间距 */
}
.left {
left: -220px; /* 等于自身宽度加间距 */
}
.right {
position: relative;
right: -20px; /* 间距 */
}Tips: 此布局中间栏宽度不得小于左栏宽度。
CodePen：CSS 圣杯布局
双飞翼布局
HTML:
<header class="header">Header</header>
<main class="clearfix main">
<article class="middle-wrapper">
<div class="middle">Middle</div>
</article>
<aside class="left">Left</aside>
<aside class="right">Right</aside>
</main>
<footer class="footer">Footer</footer>CSS:
body {
margin: 0;
}
.clearfix::after {
content: "";
display: block;
visibility: hidden;
height: 0;
line-height: 0;
clear: both;
}
.header,
.main,
.footer {
background-color: grey;
}
.left {
min-height: 100px;
background-color: yellow;
opacity: .6;
}
.middle {
min-height: 100px;
background-color: green;
opacity: .6;
}
.right {
min-height: 100px;
background-color: blue;
opacity: .6;
}
/**
* Layout
*/
.middle-wrapper {
float: left;
width: 100%;
}
.middle-wrapper > .middle {
margin-right: 150px; /* 等于右栏宽度 */
margin-left: 200px; /* 等于左栏宽度 */
}
.left {
float: left;
margin-left: -100%;
width: 200px;
}
.right {
float: left;
margin-left: -150px; /* 等于自身宽度 */
width: 150px;
}调整三栏间距：
/* 三栏间距 20px */
.middle-wrapper > .middle {
margin: 0 170px 0 220px;
}CodePen：CSS 双飞翼布局
混合浮动布局
HTML:
<header class="header">Header</header>
<main class="clearfix main">
<aside class="left">Left</aside>
<aside class="right">Right</aside>
<article class="middle">Middle</article>
</main>
<footer class="footer">Footer</footer>CSS:
body {
margin: 0;
}
.clearfix::after {
content: "";
display: block;
visibility: hidden;
height: 0;
line-height: 0;
clear: both;
}
.header,
.main,
.footer {
background-color: grey;
}
.left {
min-height: 100px;
background-color: yellow;
opacity: .6;
}
.middle {
min-height: 100px;
background-color: green;
opacity: .6;
}
.right {
min-height: 100px;
background-color: blue;
opacity: .6;
}
/**
* Layout
*/
.left {
float: left;
width: 200px;
}
.right {
float: right;
width: 150px;
}
.middle {
margin-right: 150px; /* 等于右栏宽度 */
margin-left: 200px; /* 等于左栏宽度 */
}调整三栏间距：
/* 三栏间距 20px */
.middle {
margin-right: 170px; /* 等于右栏宽度加间距 */
margin-left: 220px; /* 等于左栏宽度加间距 */
}CodePen：CSS 混合浮动布局
弹性布局
HTML:
<header class="header">Header</header>
<main class="main">
<article class="middle">Middle</article>
<aside class="left">Left</aside>
<aside class="right">Right</aside>
</main>
<footer class="footer">Footer</footer>CSS:
body {
margin: 0;
}
.header,
.main,
.footer {
background-color: grey;
}
.left {
min-height: 100px;
background-color: yellow;
opacity: .6;
}
.middle {
min-height: 100px;
background-color: green;
opacity: .6;
}
.right {
min-height: 100px;
background-color: blue;
opacity: .6;
}
/**
* Layout
*/
.main {
display: flex;
}
.middle {
order: 2;
flex: 1;
}
.left {
order: 1;
width: 200px;
}
.right {
order: 3;
width: 150px;
}调整三栏间距：
/* 三栏间距 20px */
.middle {
margin-right: 20px;
margin-left: 20px;
}CodePen：CSS 弹性布局
参考文献
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